Country Name: Grenada

Capital: Saint George's

Government Type: parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Background: The indigenous Carib people inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS landed on the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974, making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1979, a leftist New Jewel Movement seized power under Maurice BISHOP, ushering in the Grenada Revolution. On 19 October 1983, factions within the revolutionary government overthrew and killed BISHOP and members of his party. Six days later, US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations intervened, quickly capturing the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Rule of law was restored, and democratic elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since.

Continent: South America

Population: 114,299 (2023 est.)

Ethnic Groups: African descent 82.4%, mixed 13.3%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.9% (2011 est.)

Languages: English (official), French patois

Religions: Protestant 49.2% (includes Pentecostal 17.2%, Seventh Day Adventist 13.2%, Anglican 8.5%, Baptist 3.2%, Church of God 2.4%, Evangelical 1.9%, Methodist 1.6%, other 1.2%), Roman Catholic 36%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Rastafarian 1.2%, other 5.5%, none 5.7%, unspecified 1.3% (2011 est.)

Economic Overview: small OECS service-based economy; large tourism, construction, transportation, and education sectors; major spice exporter; shrinking but still high public debt; vulnerable to hurricanes; emerging blue economy incentives

Currency: East Caribbean Dollar (XCD)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange & Gold: $371.767 million (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $1.814 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars

Real GDP Growth Rate: 6.36% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per Capita: $14,500 (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars

Exports: 

• $816.533 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

• Comparison Ranking: 187

Export Commodities: nutmeg, tuna, cocoa beans, fruits, nuts, toilet paper, acrylic paints, beer (2021)

Export Partners: United States 30%, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12%, France 7%, Germany 5%, Trinidad and Tobago 5% (2021)

Imports: 

• $802.567 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

• Comparison Ranking: 194

Import Commodities: refined petroleum, poultry, cars, food preparation materials, delivery trucks (2021)

Import Partners: United States 35%, Trinidad and Tobago 17%, Cayman Islands 8%, China 5%, United Kingdom 4% (2021)

Natural Resources: timber, tropical fruit

Agricultural Products: bananas, watermelons, sweet potatoes, sugar cane, tomatoes, plantains, coconuts, melons, cucumbers, cabbages

Industries: food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction, education, call-center operations

Industrial Production Growth Rate: 

• 17.38% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

• Comparison Ranking: 8

Labor Force: 55,270 (2017 est.)

Unemployment Rate: 24% (2017 est.)

Natural Hazards: lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November

• Volcanism: Mount Saint Catherine (840 m) lies on the island of Grenada; Kick 'em Jenny, an active submarine volcano (seamount) on the Caribbean Sea floor, lies about 8 km north of the island of Grenada; these two volcanoes are at the southern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends up to the Netherlands dependency of Saba in the north

Geography:

• Total: 344 sq km

• Land: 344 sq km

• Water: 0 sq km

(Country Summary, The World Factbook, CIA.gov)

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