Country Name: Lithuania (Republic of Lithuania)

Capital: Vilnius

Government Type: semi-presidential republic

Background: Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, through alliances and conquest, Lithuania extended its territory to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through the person of a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when its remnants were partitioned by surrounding countries. Lithuania regained its independence following World War I but was annexed by the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into West European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004. In 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone, and it joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018.

Continent: Europe

Population: 2,655,755 (2023 est.)

Ethnic Groups: Lithuanian 84.6%, Polish 6.5%, Russian 5%, Belarusian 1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.8% (2021 est.)

Languages: Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.)

Religions: Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)

Economic Overview: high-income, EU-member, largest Baltic economy; privatized most state-owned enterprises; unmoved youth emigration; systemic corruption; issued Europe’s first bank-backed digital coin (LBCOIN); highly educated workforce; lowest EU household debt

Currency: European Euro (EUR)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange & Gold: $5.365 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $113.139 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars

Real GDP Growth Rate: 2.44% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per Capita: $40,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars

Exports: 

• $61.444 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

• Comparison Ranking: 61

Export Commodities: refined petroleum, wooden furniture, wheat, laboratory reagents, cigarettes (2021)

Export Partners: Russia 10%, Latvia 9%, Germany 8%, Poland 7%, United States 6% (2021)

Imports: 

• $62.853 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

• Comparison Ranking: 61

Import Commodities: crude petroleum, cars, electricity, packaged medicines, broadcasting equipment, natural gas (2021)

Import Partners: Poland 12%, Germany 12%, Russia 11%, Latvia 8%, Netherlands 5% (2021)

Natural Resources: peat, arable land, amber

Agricultural Products: wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseeds, barley, triticale, potatoes, oats, peas, beans

Industries: metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology

Industrial Production Growth Rate: 

• 2.78% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

• Comparison Ranking: 121

Labor Force: 1.489 million (2022 est.)

Unemployment Rate: 5.96% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Natural Hazards: occasional floods, droughts

Geography:

• Total: 65,300 sq km

• Land: 62,680 sq km

• Water: 2,620 sq km

(Country Summary, The World Factbook, CIA.gov)

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