Country Name: Mozambique (Republic of Mozambique)

Capital: Maputo

Government Type: presidential republic

Background: In the first half of the second millennium A.D., northern Mozambican port towns were frequented by traders from Somalia, Ethiopia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and India. The Portuguese were able to wrest much of the coastal trade from Arab Muslims in the centuries after 1500 and to set up their own colonies. Portugal did not relinquish Mozambique until 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid-1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy.

Continent: Africa

Population: 32,513,805 (2023 est.)

Ethnic Groups: African 99% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Mestizo 0.8%, other (includes European, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese) 0.2% (2017 est.)

Languages: Makhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Tsonga 8.6%, Nyanja 8.1, Sena 7.1%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chuwabo 4.7%, Ndau 3.8%, Tswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8% (2017 est.)

Religions: Roman Catholic 27.2%, Muslim 18.9%, Zionist Christian 15.6%, Evangelical/Pentecostal 15.3%, Anglican 1.7%, other 4.8%, none 13.9%, unspecified 2.5% (2017 est.)

Economic Overview: low-income East African economy; mostly rural labor force; natural resource rich; strong South African ties; Islamist terrorism in north endangers newly discovered natural gas

Currency: Mozambican Metical (MZN)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange & Gold: $2.939 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $41.237 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars

Real GDP Growth Rate: 4.36% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per Capita: $1,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars

Exports: 

• $9.409 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

• Comparison Ranking: 114

Export Commodities: coal, aluminum, gold, natural gas, electricity, titanium, coke (2021)

Export Partners: South Africa 16%, India 13%, China 12%, Italy 7%, United Arab Emirates 5%, Germany 5% (2019)

Imports: 

• $15.913 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

• Comparison Ranking: 103

Import Commodities: refined petroleum, chromium, iron, bauxite, electricity (2019)

Import Partners: South Africa 31%, India 18%, China 17% (2019)

Natural Resources: coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite

Agricultural Products: sugar cane, cassava, maize, milk, bananas, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, rice, sorghum, potatoes

Industries: aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages

Industrial Production Growth Rate: 

• 4.72% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

• Comparison Ranking: 66

Labor Force: 14.693 million (2022 est.)

Unemployment Rate: 3.79% (2022 est.)

Natural Hazards: severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces

Geography:

• Total: 799,380 sq km

• Land: 786,380 sq km

• Water: 13,000 sq km

(Country Summary, The World Factbook, CIA.gov)

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