Country Name: Nigeria (Federal Republic of Nigeria)

Capital: Abuja

Government Type: federal presidential republic

Background: In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included large Islamic kingdoms such as Borno, Kano, and the Sokoto Caliphate dominating the north, the Benin and Oyo Empires that controlled much of modern western Nigeria, and more decentralized political entities and city states in the south and southeast. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into a Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria achieved independence in from Britain in 1960 and transitioned to a federal republic with three constituent states in 1963.

Continent: Africa

Population: 230,842,743 (2023 est.)

Ethnic Groups: Hausa 30%, Yoruba 15.5%, Igbo (Ibo) 15.2%, Fulani 6%, Tiv 2.4%, Kanuri/Beriberi 2.4%, Ibibio 1.8%, Ijaw/Izon 1.8%, other 24.9% (2018 est.)

Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages

Religions: Muslim 53.5%, Roman Catholic 10.6%, other Christian 35.3%, other 0.6% (2018 est.)

Economic Overview: largest African market economy; enormous but mostly lower middle income labor force; major oil exporter; key telecommunications and finance industries; susceptible to energy prices; regional leader in critical infrastructure; primarily agrarian employment

Currency: Nigerian Naira (NGN)

Reserves of Foreign Exchange & Gold: $35.564 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $1.085 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars

Real GDP Growth Rate: 3.25% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per Capita: $5,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars

Exports: 

• $69.091 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

• Comparison Ranking: 59

Export Commodities: crude petroleum, natural gas, scrap vessels, cocoa beans, refined petroleum (2021)

Export Partners: India 16%, Spain 12%, United States 6%, France 6%, China 5% (2021)

Imports: 

• $77.049 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

• Comparison Ranking: 53

Import Commodities: refined petroleum, cars, wheat, laboratory glassware, packaged medicines (2019)

Import Partners: China 30%, Netherlands 11%, United States 6%, Belgium 5% (2019)

Natural Resources: natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land

Agricultural Products: cassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, rice, vegetables, sorghum, groundnuts, fruit, sweet potatoes

Industries: crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel

Industrial Production Growth Rate: 

• -4.62% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

• Comparison Ranking: 201

Labor Force: 73.389 million (2022 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Unemployment Rate: 3.83% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Natural Hazards: periodic droughts; flooding

Geography:

• Total: 923,768 sq km

• Land: 910,768 sq km

• Water: 13,000 sq km

(Country Summary, The World Factbook, CIA.gov)

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