Territory Name: Howland Island

Government Type: With the exception of Palmyra Atoll, the constituent islands are unincorporated, unorganized territories of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System.

Background: Discovered by the US early in the 19th century, the uninhabited atoll was officially claimed by the US in 1857. Both US and British companies mined for guano deposits until about 1890. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began on this island, similar to the effort on nearby Baker Island, but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. The famed American aviatrix Amelia Earhart disappeared while seeking out Howland Island as a refueling stop during her 1937 round-the-world flight; Earhart Light, a day beacon near the middle of the west coast, was named in her memory. The island was established as a NWR in 1974.

Region: Oceania

Population: No indigenous inhabitants, public entry is only accessible by a special-use permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $0

Real GDP Growth Rate: 0%

Real GDP per Capita: $0

Exports: $0

Imports: $0

Natural Resources: Terrestrial and aquatic wildlife.

Natural Hazards: The narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard.

Geography:

• Total: 138.6 sq km

• Land: emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 136 sq km

(Country Summary, The World Factbook, CIA.gov)

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