Territory Name: Johnston Atoll

Government Type: With the exception of Palmyra Atoll, the constituent islands are unincorporated, unorganized territories of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System.

Background: Both the US and the Kingdom of Hawaii annexed Johnston Atoll in 1858, but it was the US that mined the guano deposits until the late 1880s. Johnston and Sand Islands were designated wildlife refuges in 1926. The US Navy took over the atoll in 1934. Subsequently, the US Air Force assumed control in 1948. The site was used for high-altitude nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1960s. Until late in 2000 the atoll was maintained as a storage and disposal site for chemical weapons. Munitions destruction, cleanup, and closure of the facility were completed by May 2005. The Fish and Wildlife Service and the US Air Force are currently discussing future management options; in the interim, Johnston Atoll and the three-mile Naval Defensive Sea around it remain under the jurisdiction and administrative control of the US Air Force.

Region: Oceania

Population: In previous years, an average of 1,100 U.S. military and civilian contractor personnel were present; as of May 2005, all U.S. Government personnel had left the island.

Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $0

Real GDP Growth Rate: 0%

Real GDP per Capita: $0

Exports: $0

Imports: $0

Natural Resources: Terrestrial and aquatic wildlife.

Natural Hazards: N/A

Geography:

• Total: 276.6 sq km

• Land: emergent land - 2.6 sq km; submerged - 274 sq km

(Country Summary, The World Factbook, CIA.gov)

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