Country Summary: Czech Republic
Country Name: Czech Republic
Capital: Prague
Government Type: parliamentary republic
Background: At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948. In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.
Continent: Europe
Population: 10,706,242 (2023 est.)
Ethnic Groups: Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.)
Languages: Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2%
Religions: Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)
Economic Overview: high income, diversified EU economy; advanced services and automotive exporter; mostly intra-EU trader; low unemployment; usually maintains a positive trade balance; large investments in systems innovation and information technologies
Currency: Czech Koruna (CZK)
Reserves of Foreign Exchange & Gold: $139.981 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Real GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $438.119 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars
Real GDP Growth Rate: 2.35% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per Capita: $41,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars
Exports:
$217.731 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Comparison Ranking: 35
Export Commodities: cars and vehicle parts, computers, broadcasting equipment, office machinery and parts, insulated wiring (2021)
Export Partners: Germany 31%, Slovakia 7%, Poland 6%, France 5% (2019)
Imports:
$218.002 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Comparison Ranking: 34
Import Commodities: broadcasting equipment, cars and vehicle parts, office machinery/parts, computers, packaged medicines (2019)
Import Partners: Germany 27%, China 12%, Poland 9%, Slovakia 5% (2019)
Natural Resources: hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land
Agricultural Products: wheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, pork, triticale, poultry
Industries: motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments
Industrial Production Growth Rate:
0.91% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Comparison Ranking: 151
Labor Force: 5.373 million (2022 est.)
Unemployment Rate: 2.22% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Natural Hazards: Geography:
Total: 78,867 sq km
Land: 77,247 sq km
Water: 1,620 sq km
(Country Summary, The World Factbook, CIA.gov)
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